Jacob Cats, Spiegel (The Hague, 1632)

On ne sçauroit faire boire un asne, s'il n'a soifFrench
One cannot make a donkey drink if it is not thirsty.AI-generated
A circular medallion image set in a square frame with dark corner spandrels. In the foreground a donkey, bridled with a rope, stands at the edge of a canal or watercourse with its hooves at the water's edge. A peasant in a broad-brimmed hat, wearing a jacket and baggy breeches, pulls the bridle with his left hand while raising a stick high in his right hand to beat the animal, which braces its legs and refuses to drink. Behind them is a low brick wall or quay. In the left background a boy walks along a plank or low wall with a small dog beside him, pointing toward the scene; behind him are cottage roofs and bare leafless trees against an open sky.

De man besich ontrent den esel spreeckt Ick hebbe veel gefleuyt, ick hebbe veel gesproocken, Ick hebbe my den kop nu langen tijt gebroocken, Ick hebbe boven dat uyt fellen moet getiert, En dit onwilligh beest in geenen deel geviert; Ick hebbe naderhant het grilligh dier geslagen Mits ick sijn steegen aert niet langer konde dragen, Ick hebbet menighmael getogen metten toom, En met geheeler kracht gebogen nae den stroom: Maer of mijn galle rees, sy mochte weder sincken, Al wat ick oyt begon, ten heeft niet willen drincken; Dus ben ick gants ontstelt, en gae nu weder aen, En sal my aen het beest (nae dat my dunckt) ontgaen. Maer heb ick oock gelijck soo bijster uyt te varen? Ick bidde, mijn vernuft, ey laet ons wat bedaren, Ey laet ons sonder gal, en met een stillen geest Eens wegen, soo het dient, de saecke van het beest; Waerom doch sal de spijt in mijnen geest ontvoncken? Het beest dat is gelaeft, en heeft alreets gedroncken, Dies heeftet geenen wil (hoe vinnigh dat ick stoot) Te drincken sonder dorst, te drincken sonder noot: Is hier nu stofs genoegh om soo verstoort te wesen? Met oorlof, nae my dunckt, 'ken hebbet noyt gelesen, Maer soo dit lastbaer dier, als eertijts, spreken kond' Ghy wiert eē beest verklaert, oock door eē esels mondt. Doch laet ons even hier eens tot de menschen keeren, En van den esel selfs bequame zeden leeren, Ghy siet hoe dat het beest door geenderley bedwanck Wil raecken aen het nat, of komen totten dranck; De reden is bekent, het beest dat heeft gedroncken, Maer ghy neemt dickmaels in al watter is geschoncken, Om ick en weet niet wien. O 'tfy hem die u dwingt, En 'tfy u boven al die sonder reden drinckt; V dorst die is gelaeft, u maegh is over-laden, En laet ghy niet-te-min u noch tot drincken raden? Hoe! zijt ghy meerder slaef, of van een minder geest Als dit onaerdigh dier, een grof, een lompich beest? Hoe! soudet aen het volck niet wonder selsaem schijnen Soo yemant in een goot gingh storten goede wijnen? Maer segh wat is een mensch die veel te drinckē plach? Is niet sijn buyck een goot indien men 'tseggen mach? Waerom dan goeden dranck gegoten in riolen? Wel ghy die sullicks doet gaet by den Esel scholen; Voor my ick spreecke ront, en uyt een vrye borst 'Tis meer als esels werck te drincken sonder dorst.
The man busy with the donkey speaks I have whistled much, I have spoken much, I have now long been racking my head, On top of that I have raged with fierce temper, And have in no way spared this unwilling beast; Afterwards I beat the capricious animal Since I could no longer bear its stubborn nature, I have many a time pulled it by the bridle, And with all my strength bent it toward the stream: But though my bile rose, it may sink again, Whatever I ever attempted, it would not drink; So I am quite upset, and now set to again, And (as it seems to me) I shall get nowhere with the beast. But am I right to fly out so wildly? I pray, my wits, let us calm down a little, Come, let us without bile and with a quiet mind Weigh once, as is fitting, the case of the beast; Why then should spite be kindled in my spirit? The beast is refreshed, and has already drunk, Therefore it has no wish (however fiercely I push) To drink without thirst, to drink without need: Is there now matter enough here to be so angry? By your leave, as it seems to me, I have never read it, But if this burden-bearing animal could speak as it once did, You would be declared a beast, even by a donkey's mouth. But let us here just turn once to human beings, And learn fitting manners from the donkey itself: You see how the beast by no sort of compulsion Will touch the water or come to the drink; The reason is known, the beast has drunk, But you often take in all that is poured out, For I know not whom. O fie on him who forces you, And fie above all on you who drink without reason; Your thirst is quenched, your stomach is overloaded, And do you nonetheless let yourself still be urged to drink? What! are you more of a slave, or of a lesser mind Than this ungainly animal, a coarse, a clumsy beast? What! would it not seem wondrous strange to people If someone went and poured good wine into a gutter? But say, what is a man who is used to drinking too much? Is not his belly a gutter, if one may say so? Why then is good drink poured into sewers? Well, you who do such things, go to school with the donkey; For my part I speak plainly, and from a free breast: It is worse than a donkey's work to drink without thirst.
Ital. Colombo pasciuto ciriegia amara allo s'vogliato è amaro il mele.
Italian. To a well-fed pigeon the cherry is bitter; to one without appetite even honey is bitter.
Spaens. Al gusto dañado lo dulce le es amargo.
Spanish. To a spoiled taste what is sweet is bitter.
Franç. Il n'est manger, qu'a bonne faim.
French. There is no eating except with a good hunger.
A coulons sauls cerises ameres.
To sated pigeons, cherries are bitter.
Nederl. Dronckenschap is sonde / schade / en schande.
Dutch. Drunkenness is sin, harm, and shame.
Nederl. Wie kust sonder lust / En drinckt sonder dorst / En eet sonder honger / Die sterft te jonger.
Dutch. He who kisses without desire, and drinks without thirst, and eats without hunger, dies the younger.
Franç. Iamais homme sage on vit Beuveur du vin sans appetit.
French. Never was a wise man seen drinking wine without appetite.
Hoogd. Wen wein eingehet da gehet witz auß.
High German. When wine goes in, wit goes out.
Ital. Vin dentro, senno fuori.
Italian. Wine in, sense out.
Cicero. Iucunditas victus est in desiderio non in satietate.
Cicero. The pleasantness of food lies in appetite, not in satiety.
Idem. Tantum cibi & potionis adhibendum est, ut reficiantur vires, non ut opprimantur.
The same. Only so much food and drink should be taken as may restore one's strength, not overwhelm it.
Plaut. Nihil similius insano quam ebrius.
Plautus. Nothing is more like a madman than a drunkard.
Richt. Axiom. œcon. 161. Amicitia inter pocula contracta plerumque solet esse vitrea.
Richter, Axiomata oeconomica 161. A friendship contracted over cups is usually of glass.
Syr. 31. 29. Ne monstre pas ta vaillance à bien boire car le vin à faict perir plusieurs.
Sirach 31:29. Do not show your prowess in drinking well, for wine has caused many to perish.
86(ON NE SÇAUROIT FAIRE BOIRE UN ASNE, S'IL N'A SOIF) proverbs, sayings, etc. (ON NE SÇAUROIT FAIRE BOIRE UN ASNE, S'IL N'A SOIF)Additional codes proposed for this emblem, not (yet) part of the indexing.
31B52 drunkennessmediumThe correlate 'drunkenness' matches the commentary's repeated moral against drinking without thirst ('Drunkenness is sin, harm, and shame'; 'wine has caused many to perish').
31B591 temperance, teetotalismmediumThe correlate 'temperance, teetotalism' fits the emblem's lesson, embodied by the ass that refuses to drink despite beating, that one should only eat and drink according to need.
11N35 Gluttony, Intemperance, 'Gula'; 'Gola', 'Ingordigia', 'Ingordigia overo Avidità', 'Voracità' (Ripa) ~ personification of one of the Seven Deadly Sinslow'Gluttony, Intemperance' is the vice implicitly condemned by the quotations on satiety, overloading one's strength with food and drink, though no personification is depicted.
32A43 gluttonlowThe 'glutton' is the implied negative type in the Ciceronian and Plautine citations about eating beyond appetite, but no glutton figure actually appears in the image.
Suggested relationships between this emblem and adages in Erasmus’ Adagia.
Erasmus's adage on the futility of forcing a donkey (by bridle and training) to do what its nature will not yield matches the emblem's picture of a peasant tugging the bridle and beating an ass that refuses the water, and the subscriptio's confession that all compulsion is wasted labour.
The Dutch motto 'Dwangh tot drincken' (compulsion to drink) and the moral against being urged to drink when thirst is already quenched correspond to Erasmus's adage on the Greek convivial rule of forcing guests to drink or leave, which he likewise treats as an occasion for moralizing on temperance.
The emblem's German and Italian commentary proverbs ('When wine goes in, wit goes out'; 'Vin dentro, senno fuori') share the commonplace Erasmus develops here about wine dissolving self-command and sense, though there is no textual quotation.
Record ID: embstma_1288_emblem111
This emblem on the Iconclass site: https://iconclass.org/view/embstma_1288_emblem111
Copy: University Library, Glasgow, Stirling Maxwell 1288